No. You will not lose anything, if you didn’t mistake in your mapping and/or mountpoints.
For example, if you uses Windows and uses the -v option for your mapping. The Docker for Windows could not map your disk to the container, but if you uses -v option, it could create an empty overlay disk inside the container instead of your disk. In this case when you remove the container, it will be removed with customers’ data. To avoid this, you must update your docker run command to use a --mount option instead of -v. Please, consult the instruction how it should looks like.