You need to stop and remove the container, unmount the disk, check and fix errors, then mount it back and try to run the container using all your parameters (you must not run it with SETUP step, otherwise you may destroy it, use the normal full docker run command instead), then check your logs.
If it’s still produce the same error - check permissions. If you use --user $(id -u):$(id -g) in your docker run command, make sure that the user $(id -u):$(id -g) is the owner of data location and has full permissions.