After some fiddling around it seems to be working. It looks like the issue is related to this one here: Error starting master database on storagenode: storage node database error: unable to open database file: operation not permitted
When I started up the node with an executable version 1.6.4 all databases got created correctly and the server started.
So indeed it seems that there are permission issues with the latest version. After creating of all databases and fixing some of the permissions of the files that get created during startup that led to some further error messages, the node finally started successsfuly.
So to me it looks that something is broken in the latest update that prevents the node from creating the required databases and files.
One thing remains: How do I access the dashboard for the second node (cli). Executing the dashboard run file with second node config path still shows dashboard from first node. I guess I have to pass the correct port somehow.