You need to stop your node, unmount disk and fix the filesystem with fsck, until all errors will be fixed. If your filesystem is xfs, then you need to use a different method: https://www.2daygeek.com/repairing-xfs-file-system-in-rhel/
After that you can mount disk back and run the node.
Docker have no relation to the corrupted file system, so no need to reinstall.