I managed to get S.M.A.R.T datas on a USB Toshiba Canvio basic 4TB with this command:
sudo smartctl -d sat --all /dev/sdd
source: https://www.smartmontools.org/wiki/Supported_USB-Devices
My 2 other disks (Seagate Expansion 4TB) it is not supported because the linux kernel disable SAT ATA PASS-THROUGH for this vendor : https://www.smartmontools.org/ticket/971#comment:7 . I did not try the workaround.